/*
  Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu — minimalist academic website
  Static HTML/CSS. No framework, no template, no build step.
*/

:root {
  --bg: #181817;
  --bg-deep: #111110;
  --text: #e2ded7;
  --text-strong: #f5f0e8;
  --muted: #aca59c;
  --muted-soft: #807971;
  --line: #34312d;
  --line-soft: #292622;
  --accent: #ff6b1a;
  --accent-hover: #ff8648;
  --title-gold: #e6c875;
  --highlight-gold: #cfae70;
  --vanderbilt-gold: var(--highlight-gold);
  --max: 1060px;
  --single: 850px;
  --sidebar: 258px;
  --gap: 58px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  background: var(--bg);
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 70% -22%, rgba(255, 107, 26, 0.055), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #1b1b1a 0%, var(--bg) 28%, #141413 100%);
  color: var(--text);
  font-family: ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "SF Pro Text", "Inter", "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.56;
  letter-spacing: -0.006em;
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "calt" 1;
}

body::selection { background: rgba(207, 174, 112, 0.26); }
img { max-width: 100%; }

p { margin: 0 0 16px; }

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

a:hover,
a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

strong { color: var(--text-strong); font-weight: 650; }
em { font-style: italic; }

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: 18px;
  top: -60px;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 9px 12px;
  background: var(--text-strong);
  color: var(--bg-deep);
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.skip-link:focus { top: 14px; }

.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(24, 24, 23, 0.88);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 10;
}

.nav-shell {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
  min-height: 66px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 30px;
}

.brand {
  margin-right: auto;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-transform: none;
}
.brand:hover,
.brand:focus-visible { color: var(--text-strong); text-decoration: none; }

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 26px;
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.site-nav a { color: #d6d1ca; padding: 25px 0 23px; }
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible,
.site-nav a.active { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }

.site-shell {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 56px 24px 100px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: var(--sidebar) minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: var(--gap);
  align-items: start;
}

.profile {
  position: sticky;
  top: 98px;
  align-self: start;
}

.portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 234px;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  filter: none;
}

.profile-name {
  margin: 26px 0 0;
  font-size: 28px;
  line-height: 1.12;
  font-weight: 740;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: var(--text-strong);
}

.profile-role {
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  color: #ddd8d0;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.46;
}
.profile-role .institution { color: var(--text-strong); }

.profile-contact {
  margin: 27px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.profile-links {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 23px 0 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 620;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.profile-links a::before { content: "["; color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; margin-right: 1px; }
.profile-links a::after { content: "]"; color: var(--text); font-weight: 500; margin-left: 1px; }

.main-column {
  max-width: 720px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.lede { padding-top: 5px; }
.lede p { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.56; color: #e6e2db; }
.highlight-text { color: var(--highlight-gold); font-weight: 680; }

/* Consistent reading rhythm across body copy. */
.section > p,
.recruiting p,
.content-list,
.plain-list,
.mentee-line,
.mentee ul,
.resource-block p,
.resource-block ul,
.pillars {
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.56;
}

.section {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}
.section.tight { margin-top: 30px; }

h1, h2, h3 { margin: 0; color: var(--text-strong); }
h1 { font-size: 42px; line-height: 1.08; font-weight: 420; letter-spacing: -0.045em; }
h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font-size: 25px;
  line-height: 1.22;
  font-weight: 720;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}
h2.large { color: var(--text-strong); font-size: 36px; font-weight: 420; letter-spacing: -0.055em; }
h3 { margin: 22px 0 8px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 620; letter-spacing: -0.018em; }

.section-kicker {
  margin: -4px 0 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
}

/* One square-bullet system for all ordinary lists. */
.content-list,
.plain-list,
.mentee ul,
.resource-block ul {
  list-style-type: square;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
}
.content-list li,
.plain-list li,
.mentee li,
.resource-block li {
  margin: 0 0 7px;
}
.content-list li::marker,
.plain-list li::marker,
.mentee li::marker,
.resource-block li::marker {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86em;
}

.pillars {
  list-style-type: square;
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
  margin: 20px 0 0;
}
.pillar {
  margin: 0 0 17px;
}
.pillars li::marker {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86em;
}
.pillar-title {
  display: block;
  color: var(--highlight-gold);
  font-weight: 730;
  line-height: 1.33;
}
.pillar p { margin-top: 3px; color: #ded9d1; }

.page-single {
  max-width: var(--single);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 58px 24px 100px;
}
.page-single > .lede {
  max-width: 750px;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}
.page-single h1 { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.page-single .section { margin-top: 42px; }
.page-single > .section:not(.pub-year-block) {
  padding-top: 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft);
}
.page-single > #teaching {
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
  margin-top: 30px;
}
.page-single > .pub-year-block {
  padding-top: 0;
  border-top: 0;
}
.section-links {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.56;
}
.section-links a,
a.internal-pointer {
  color: var(--text-strong);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 107, 26, 0.42);
}
.section-links a:hover,
.section-links a:focus-visible,
a.internal-pointer:hover,
a.internal-pointer:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

/* Miscellaneous page. Keep sections continuous, not boxed. */
.mentoring-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
}
.mentee { padding: 0; }
.mentee-line {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: #ddd8d0;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.50;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.mentee-line a { font-weight: 400; }
.mentee ul { margin-top: 0; }
.mentee li { color: #d8d3cb; line-height: 1.48; }
.paper-status { color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.96em; white-space: nowrap; }
a.paper-status:hover,
a.paper-status:focus-visible { color: var(--accent-hover); }

.resource-block {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
}
.resource-block:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.resource-block h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--text-strong);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 520;
}
.resource-block p { color: #d8d3cb; }
.resource-block p:last-child,
.quote-block p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.quote-block {
  padding: 0 0 0 20px;
  border-left: 2px solid rgba(255, 107, 26, 0.58);
  background: transparent;
}

/* Publications: minimalist, no numbering, no links, no bolded author names. */
.pub-note,
#publications p {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 16px;
}
.pub-year-block { margin-top: 24px !important; }
.pub-year-block .year {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font-size: 23px;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.pub-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 92px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 18px;
  padding: 8px 0 14px;
}
.pub-badge {
  text-align: right;
  color: #f1ece3;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.24;
  padding-top: 3px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.pub-title {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  color: var(--text-strong);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.34;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -0.018em;
}
.authors,
.venue {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.48;
}
.authors { color: #d8d3cb; font-weight: 400; }
.venue { color: var(--muted); }
.pub-links, .pub-abstract, .full-list-link, .pub-head { display: none; }

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted-soft);
  background: rgba(16, 16, 15, 0.72);
}
.footer-inner {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 24px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  :root { --gap: 34px; }
  .site-shell {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    max-width: 760px;
    padding-top: 42px;
  }
  .profile {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 168px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: center;
    padding-bottom: 20px;
    border-bottom: 0;
  }
  .portrait { width: 168px; height: auto; }
  .profile-name { margin-top: 0; }
  .profile-role, .profile-contact, .profile-links { margin-top: 14px; }
  .main-column { max-width: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .nav-shell {
    min-height: auto;
    padding-top: 14px;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 12px 22px;
  }
  .brand { width: 100%; }
  .site-nav { gap: 18px; overflow-x: auto; padding-bottom: 2px; }
  .site-nav a { padding: 0; }
  .profile { display: block; padding-bottom: 24px; }
  .portrait { width: 190px; height: auto; }
  .profile-name { margin-top: 30px; }
  .site-shell, .page-single { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  h1 { font-size: 34px; }
  h2.large { font-size: 31px; }
  .pub-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; padding: 9px 0 13px; }
  .pub-badge { text-align: left; padding-top: 0; }
  .footer-inner { display: block; }
  .footer-inner span { display: block; margin: 0 0 4px; }
}

.main-column .lede[aria-label="Biography"] { padding-top: 0; }

/* Recruiting block: direct rectangular float. No CSS Shapes are used. */
.recruiting {
  margin-top: 42px;
  padding-top: 2px;
}
.recruiting h2 {
  color: var(--title-gold);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.recruiting-panel {
  display: flow-root;
}
.recruiting p {
  color: #e0dbd3;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.recruiting-highlight {
  color: var(--highlight-gold);
  font-weight: 760;
}
.recruiting-seal-wrap {
  float: left;
  width: 175px;
  height: 175px;
  margin: 0 32px 0 0;
  line-height: 0;
}
.recruiting-seal {
  display: block;
  width: 175px;
  height: 175px;
  object-fit: contain;
  opacity: 0.96;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 14px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.30));
}
.recruiting-list {
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.recruiting-list li {
  margin-bottom: 9px;
}
.research-agenda .pillar-title {
  display: inline;
}
.research-agenda .pillar p {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0;
}
.research-agenda .pillar p::before {
  content: " ";
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .recruiting-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 142px minmax(0, 1fr);
    column-gap: 22px;
  }
  .recruiting-seal-wrap,
  .recruiting-seal {
    width: 142px;
    height: 142px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .recruiting {
    margin-top: 34px;
  }
  .recruiting-panel {
    grid-template-columns: clamp(109px, 30vw, 130px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    column-gap: 16px;
  }
  .recruiting-seal-wrap,
  .recruiting-seal {
    width: clamp(109px, 30vw, 130px);
    height: clamp(109px, 30vw, 130px);
  }
  .recruiting h2 {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 380px) {
  .recruiting-panel {
    grid-template-columns: clamp(99px, 28vw, 109px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    column-gap: 12px;
  }
  .recruiting-seal-wrap,
  .recruiting-seal {
    width: clamp(99px, 28vw, 109px);
    height: clamp(99px, 28vw, 109px);
  }
}
.subtle-underline {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(246, 241, 232, 0.64);
}

.misc-overview { margin-bottom: 32px; }
.misc-overview .section-links { margin-top: 0; }

.plain-tag {
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1em;
  color: var(--text);
}

/* Integrated research agenda in the opening block. */
.lede .research-agenda {
  margin-top: 14px;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.lede .research-agenda .pillar {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Hidden meeting appointment page. */
.appointment-page {
  max-width: 840px;
}
.appointment-title {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--text-strong);
  font-size: 28px;
  line-height: 1.18;
  font-weight: 760;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.appointment-overview {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.appointment-overview p {
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.56;
  font-weight: 650;
}
.section-parenthetical {
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font: inherit;
}
.list-note {
  color: var(--text);
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .appointment-title { font-size: 25px; }
}

/* Hidden intern checklist page. */
.checklist-page {
  max-width: 860px;
}
.list-lead {
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font-weight: 730;
}
.nested-list ul {
  list-style-type: square;
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.35rem;
}
.nested-list ul li {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.ordered-list {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  padding-left: 1.45rem;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.56;
}
.ordered-list li {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
}
.ordered-list li::marker {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}
.compact-quote {
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  padding: 0 0 0 18px;
  border-left: 2px solid rgba(230, 200, 117, 0.42);
  color: #d8d0c7;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.58;
}


/* Passcode-protected course pages. */
.course-page {
  max-width: 900px;
}
.course-hero h1 {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text-strong);
  font-size: 39px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-weight: 520;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}
.course-subtitle {
  color: var(--title-gold) !important;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.material-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: grid;
  gap: 9px;
}
.material-item a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 18px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 10px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.055);
  color: var(--text);
}
.material-item a:hover,
.material-item a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--text-strong);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom-color: rgba(230, 200, 117, 0.38);
}
.material-label {
  color: var(--title-gold);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 760;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.material-title {
  color: #e1dcd4;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.38;
}
.material-item a:hover .material-title,
.material-item a:focus-visible .material-title {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .course-hero h1 { font-size: 32px; }
  .material-item a {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    row-gap: 2px;
    padding: 10px 0 11px;
  }
  .material-label { font-size: 14px; }
}